KEPLER-22B may be the most Earth-like world yet found in the galaxy — and it could be home to alien life.

It orbits a star like the Sun 600 light years — that’s nearly 4,000BILLION MILES — away in the constellation Cygnus.

Importantly, the planet lies inside the habitable zone of its solar system, so-called because it is not too hot and not too cold for life to exist. Water — an essential requirement for life as we know it — would be a liquid.

Christmas would come around sooner there every year, because it takes just 290 days to go round its parent star.

Scientists cannot tell for sure yet whether Kepler-22b is a rocky world, a ball of gas or even a liquid object.

But its discovery, announced this week, suggests we’re getting closer to discovering we’re not alone in the universe.

The Kepler mission, launched in March 2009, has discovered more than 2,000 candidate planets — 200 are around the size of Earth.

Kepler looks for new worlds by monitoring 100,000 stars.

If sometimes the star’s light is not quite so bright, it guesses that a planet has crossed in front of its sun like an eclipse. Kepler has only been looking close to home in our galaxy, called the Milky Way.

There are 50billion other galaxies and each probably has more than 50billion stars — so somewhere out there there is very likely alien life looking hopefully into the universe wondering if they are alone.

It’s all very well being able to detect life far, far away when we will probably be unable to visit it. What I’d like to do is find it much closer — on Mars.

That is why I attempted to land a UK-built robot, Beagle 2, there to look for signs of life in 2003.

Sadly the mission was lost but the quest to explore Mars continues with NASA’s latest mission Mars Science Laboratory.

Next August nuclear-powered vehicle Curiosity will be lowered into a Mars crater that is believed to be a dried-up lake.

In 1989 my colleagues and I predicted life on Mars when we discovered the right sort of chemicals in a meteorite from Mars.

Perhaps we’ll be proved right.

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High-tech air radar

Scanner shows, woody vegetation tended to choose the slope of the hill which is also favored by termites. The larger and evenly distributed of termite mound, the more vegetation in there. Seems, the termites tend to avoid building mounds in clay soils which are susceptible to flooding. They generally prefer a soil that is not too wet, but not too dry and has good drainage.

The air scanner shows there are patterns of termite mounds and dense vegetation along the slopes of the hill, above the lowlands. There were drainage and water runoff. Typography savanna is largely determined by the organism.

Termite mound turned out to be a key indicator of conditions that favored woody vegetation. The lower of lands, the greater of the dominance of grassland in the water area. As the diagnosis in the medical field, scanning through the air also comes with pictures of vegetation, termite mounds, and soil layers.

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Read it at The New York Times

Siberian crane is one of the most endangered species in the list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).  So that, this beautiful and graceful creature was chosen as the flag bearer of projects aimed at restoring peat as habitat for migratory water birds.

Since the year 2008, the International Crane Foundation (ICF) began cooperating with the Academy of sciences in Pyongyang, North Korean, and BirdLife International to restore Anbyon as a migration destination during the winter.
Academy of Sciences in Pyongyang in November 2009 inform that there are 22 of Siberian crane landed in Anbyon and can live in harmony with others.  The next day, a number of Siberian cranes which landed increased to 41. It should be noted, that it was the first landing in the last 10 years. The news is also evidence that peatland restoration projects over seven years showed a positive result.

According to records, the number of Siberian crane at this time is about 3000-3500. Thus this project aims to keep them alive and also aim to protect the millions of other migratory birds. For Siberian crane especially, there are two migration routes of birds with furthest migration distance, which is 5000 kilometers. They also must pass a row of the highest mountain in the world, as well as desert. These birds have been endangered since the 1970s. Even in 1996 there was only one pair of birds who came to India, while in 1974, there were 75 birds that come. In the entire world, population of water birds fell 40 percent while in Asia, the population fell 59 percent.

Legendary Animals
The figure of Siberian crane, which is slender, white and clear, opened the imagination about music and dance.  And it has been happens for thousands of years. Indigenous communities in the tundra regions of Russia, where these birds breed, considered as a sacred bird.

Khanty community in western Siberia keeps their deer herd away from the nest of Siberian crane. And they kill a bear that is expected to harm the bird.  After killing a bear, they will wear clothing like birds and dancing to exorcise bear.

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Nothing revived it, not the usual prayers and imprecations nor the overnight immersion in rice recommended by Internet experts. After 72 hours, it was clearly time to give up and head for the store.

But when the moment came to unplug the corpse from its charger and plug in its immensely expensive replacement — executioner, stay your hand: Look who’s waking up!

Sanjay Gupta : Cheating Death

Dr. Sanjay Gupta’s new book deals with the human equivalent of this little drama, and if it seems insensitive to equate a smart piece of plastic with a catastrophically ill human being, absolutely no disrespect is intended, but the analogy still holds. This is a can-do book about death by the well-known medical correspondent for CNN and Time (and near nominee for surgeon general), which means no bittersweet philosophic reflections on the natural arc of human existence. The subject is simple science: the ways the body’s circuitry can betray us, and the ways we are learning to fight back.

The science, of course, is far from simple, which makes it a fitting showcase for Dr. Gupta’s skills as a popularizer. Straightforward and readable, it is a book that will undoubtedly infuriate many experts with its elisions and oversimplifications.

But the stories are great. A young skier falls into an icy crevasse and dies of exposure; a healthy 68-year-old man has a cardiac arrest at the gym and dies on the treadmill; a 59-year-old man has a fatal heart attack behind the wheel of his car. Fifty years ago, all of them would be underground, but the last decade has seen enough progress in resuscitation — or perhaps resurrection is the word — that they are all now alive and more or less intact.

Their deaths were actually, in Dr. Gupta’s words, visits to “a gray zone — a faint no-man’s land where you are neither truly dead nor actually alive.”

Those words could easily describe the average intensive care unit, where imperiled organs are carefully nurtured while the rest of the patient comes along for the ride. However, dead hearts and dead brains have traditionally been the end of the line in intensive care.

Not so much anymore, Dr. Gupta says.

For instance, it has been known for a long time that freezing can mimic death — a standard E.R. dictum states that no man is dead till he is warm and dead. But the process of rewarming a frozen human is perilous, for often it is not the lack of warmth or oxygen that kills so much as their restoration, which sets off a cascade of cellular destruction.

Cautiously rewarming the frozen skier took a few days, but her recovery from the revival took many months. That was 10 years ago, and experts have since begun to manipulate cellular processes with more finesse.

Cold is now used specifically to minimize organ damage, as it was for the man who died on the treadmill. After his heartbeat was restored, he was transferred to an I.C.U. specializing in therapeutic hypothermia, where he was chilled for days. Weeks later he emerged from a coma to a long recuperation but, finally, complete health.

The man who died behind the wheel of his car had an easier time: “Just six weeks after he died, the only lingering effect is a set of sore ribs.”

He was revived with a new resuscitation technique that uses only rapid chest compressions with no mouth-to-mouth breathing at all, under the assumption that maintaining high levels of oxygen in the blood is far less important than keeping the blood moving along. In some places, this technique has transformed the routinely dismal survival rates of out-of-hospital resuscitations.

Dr. Gupta visits scientists who can put laboratory creatures into deep hibernation with various gas mixtures, a pseudo-death that reverses instantly with no ill effects. Their goal is to create a chemical “pause button” for humans: “a way to slow the candle, stop time, cheat death” long enough to get a car accident victim or wounded soldier to care.

The neurology of the near-death experience, with its shining white light and cascade of memories, is the subject of one chapter; another addresses the apparent miracle of catastrophic illness that melts away, with or without prayer.

But the book’s focal point, and the place where Dr. Gupta is likely to get some grief, is a short chapter on the dead brain. He introduces a man who “can tell his story today” because one doctor refused to give up on him and pull the plug, despite what appeared to be an irreversible coma. This leads to several other oft-told anecdotes of hopeless comas unexpectedly lifting. “Decisions are made every day in this country to withdraw and remove people from life support without really giving them a chance,” the patient’s doctor says.

I can almost hear the ethicists and the transplant surgeons groaning in unison. This material is complex and inflammatory enough to need a far longer and more technical discussion than Dr. Gupta’s breezy listing of mistakenly hung crepe. Great stories are fine, but sometimes there is no getting around the need for highly untelegenic, unromantic, unhappy data.

Kaguya that was launched in 2007 and ending the mission at June 10th 2009 then detected uranium by gamma-ray spectrometer.  This is a device that was used to map the composition of the lunar surface and also the presence of thorium, potassium, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, calcium, titanium and iron.  That discovery can help a human plan in the future and the scarcity of uranium in this earth can be filled through uranium at the moon.

Both of that submarine nuclear, USS Thresher and USS Scorpion, drowned in Atlantic at the sixties decade.  Thresher drowned when dives training at 1963 in 5,500 feet depth, with 117 crews and 17 not military engineers.  Seem, that ship drowned because the pipes leak or the patrian overflow in the engine room that make the engine failed to work.

Five years later, USS Scorpion drowned mysteriously at the sea in 10,000 feet depth and lost for several months before the body was founded.  US Navy suspect a torpedo accidentally make that ship drowned and killing all crews (99 crews), but the actual reason can’t be sure yet.

After mapping and checking the Thresher and Scorpion body, Ballard only has 12 days on the contract to look for a Titanic.  The analyze of the undersea waste track during his investigation of submarine nuclear make possible to Ballard to use that technique to find the location of Titanic.

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Female Panda You You

China announced the successful of panda baby birth which is resulted from artificial insemination using frozen sperm.  This is the new opportunities for animals that are difficult to breed.  The announcement on Friday, July 24 2009, revealed that female panda only has three-day fertile period, the period can be fertilized.  This is a reason why panda nearly extinct.  Female panda You You ( called ‘yo yo’ ) birth a baby panda on Thursday, July 23 2009 at Wolong Giant Panda Research Center in Southwestern Sichuan.  This is the third child of Yo Yo and the 10th baby panda that is born at Wolong for this year.

Panda researchers believe that this is the first successful birth from frozen sperm.  This technique has been tried in some countries but failed.  The Sperm derived from male panda, Lolo, and his sperm has been frozen for several years.  Artificial Insemination commonly is used in panda reproduction because the panda’s estrus (libidinous) is very low.   In 2006, as many as 34 panda in China were born by artificial insemination and 30 of them grow up to adulthood.  Similar technique was done in a zoo in US.

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marmoset

This new discovery is a breakthrough in biotechnology world.  In many controversy about biotechnology, especially transgenic, the Japanese scientists recently announced their successful on creating a primate transgenic.   Not only that, for the first time in the world, expression of the inserted genes could survive and founded in the second generation of primate resulted from genetic engineering.

Genetics Engineering

The genetics engineering is a series of technique to isolate, modify, reproduce and recommended the genes from different organism.  Marmoset is a primate which is resulted from the first transgenic.  The marmoset babies are resulted of transgenic named Hisui, Wakaba, Kei, kou and Banko.

About Marmoset

Marmosets are the 25 New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella, and Mico. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term marmoset is also used in reference to the Goeldi’s Monkey, Callimico goeldii, which is closely related.

Most marmosets are about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long. Relative to other monkeys, they show some apparently primitive features: they have claws rather than nails, and tactile hairs on their wrists. They lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to 4 °C (7 °F) in a day.  (wikipedia).

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Those hot spots accumulate the volcano mass rocks that create some mountains under the sea.  When these mountains come out to the surface of sea then they become islands.  The Scientist had been already believed that the chain of islands at Pacific was formed in the same time and also by the same way.

The newest of scientist’s discover at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oregon State University and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution indicate that there was other forces may participate in determining the formation of these volcanic islands.  One of discussion about the relationship of hot spot and the way island performed is include the Samoa Island at America.  The age of lava rocks at Samoa is not the same with the age of rocks in the bottom of island under sea.  That age differences is also not match with the Samoa tectonic plate movement.

There are more than 50,000 mountains under the sea, and most of them have not been explored.  The Samoa anomaly showed that need more research for understanding the complex power which work under the sea.

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